Science in early childhood

Content Area: Science

Standard: 1. Physical Science

Prepared Graduates:

· Apply an understanding of atomic and molecular structure to explain the properties of matter, and predict outcomes of chemical and nuclear reactions

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master:

1. Objects have properties and characteristics

Evidence Outcomes

21st Century Skills and Readiness Competencies

Students can:

a. Use senses to gather information about objects

b. Make simple observations, predictions, explanations, and generalizations based on real-life experiences

c. Collect, describe, and record information through discussion, drawings, and charts

Inquiry Questions:

1. How are various objects similar and different?

Relevance and Application:

1. Use scientific tools such as magnets, magnifying glasses, scales, and rulers in investigations and play.

Nature of Science:

1. Be open to and curious about new tasks and challenges.

2. Explore and experiment.

3. Show capacity for invention and imagination.

4. Ask questions based on discoveries made while playing.

Content Area: Science

Standard: 1. Physical Science

Prepared Graduates: Apply an understanding of atomic and molecular structure to explain the properties of matter, and predict outcomes of chemical and nuclear reactions

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master: 1. Objects have properties and characteristics

Evidence Outcomes

Steps for Getting There

Examples from Early Childhood Settings

Students can:

a. Use senses to gather information about objects

b. Make simple observations, predictions, explanations, and generalizations based on real-life experiences

c. Collect, describe, and record information through discussion, drawings, and charts

· Science concepts are integrated into children’s daily experiences (both planned and spontaneous) and into the ongoing activities of the classroom.

· Adults provide children with opportunities to explore, manipulate, investigate and discover with various kinds of child-safe natural and manmade materials.

· Adults encourage children to take risks and engage in trial and error learning.

· Adults respond to children’s questions in a way that extends the children’s ideas.

· Adults provide time for conversation and ask children questions that require more than a one-word answer.

· Adults initially present concepts to children via concrete, hands-on materials, and provide concrete materials on an ongoing basis to reinforce concepts.

· Adults use multi-sensory activities to present information to children.

· Adults ask children questions that require more than a one-word answer

(open-ended questions).

· Hakim looks out the window and says, “It’s raining. We can’t play outside.”

· While playing with assorted buttons, Maggie says, “I like the shiny ones.” Ms. Juanita says, “Let’s find all the shiny ones. How do they feel when you touch them?” She runs her finger over the button’s surface, as does Maggie. “It’s smooth and soft,” she says.

· At the sand table, Jimmy digs with the scoop. “There’s something under here! It’s hard.” His friend Mac says, “It’s a treasure chest!”

· After scooping the seeds out of a pumpkin, Ms. Henry sets the pumpkin outside to observe. Each day, she takes small groups outside to observe the pumpkin’s decay. The children draw pictures of what they see and predict what will happen next.

· Meghan picks up a piece of bark that fell from a tree and says, “At my house, we have this too. It stays on the tree.” Mr. Joe says, “That’s called bark. It protects the tree like skin.” Meghan asks if she can keep the bark to look at with a magnifying glass.

Content Area: Science

Standard: 1. Physical Science

Prepared Graduates:

· Apply an understanding of atomic and molecular structure to explain the properties of matter, and predict outcomes of chemical and nuclear reactions

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master:

2. There are cause-and-effect relationships in everyday experiences

Evidence Outcomes

21st Century Skills and Readiness Competencies

Students can:

a. Recognize and investigate cause-and- effect relationships in everyday experiences – pushing, pulling, kicking, rolling, or blowing objects

Inquiry Questions:

1. How do various objects react differently to the same cause?

Relevance and Application:

1. Use scientific tools such as magnets, magnifying glasses, scales, and rulers in investigations and play.

Nature of Science:

1. Be open to and curious about new tasks and challenges.

2. Explore and experiment.

3. Reflect on and interpret cause-and-effect relationships.

Content Area: Science

Standard: 1. Physical Science

Prepared Graduates: Apply an understanding of atomic and molecular structure to explain the properties of matter, and predict outcomes of chemical and nuclear reactions

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master: 2. There are cause-and-effect relationships in everyday experiences.

Evidence Outcomes

Steps for Getting There

Examples from Early Childhood Settings

Students can:

a. Recognize and investigate cause-and- effect relationships in everyday experiences – pushing, pulling, kicking, rolling, or blowing objects

· Physical science concepts are integrated into children’s daily experiences (both planned and spontaneous) and into the ongoing activities of the classroom.

· Materials such as ramps, wheeled toys, balls, straws, pull toys, etc. are available for children to use in child- directed, as well as teacher-directed, activities.

· Adults provide children with opportunities to explore, manipulate, investigate and discover.

· Adults initially present concepts to children via concrete, hands-on materials, and provide concrete materials on an ongoing basis to reinforce concepts.

· Adults use multi-sensory activities to present information to children.

· Adults provide time for conversation asking children questions require more than a one-word answer (open-ended questions).

· In blocks, a group of children use planks as ramps to send toy cars down. Miss Amy joins them with paper and markers to help document which cars go faster down the ramps.

· Carlos, who uses a wheelchair, observes that he goes faster on the ramp leading to the parking lot than on the flat sidewalk.

· At a park, a child rolls a ball down the slide. Other children join at the bottom of the slide to roll the ball back up the slide in different ways, and experiment with making the ball go faster and slower.

· A small group activity featuring blowing through straws begins with the teacher asking the children to estimate how far across the table they think they can blow a feather in one puff. The children guess and then blow through the straws to see if their guesses are correct.

Content Area: Science

Standard: 2. Life Science

Prepared Graduates:

· Analyze the relationship between structure and function in living systems at a variety of organizational levels, and recognize living systems’ dependence on natural selection

· Explain and illustrate with examples how living systems interact with the biotic and abiotic environment

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master:

1. Living things have characteristics and basic needs

Evidence Outcomes

21st Century Skills and Readiness Competencies

Students can:

a. Use senses to gather information about living things

b. Observe and explore the natural processes of growing, changing, and adapting to the environment

c. Ask and pursue questions through simple investigations and observations of living things

d. Collect, describe, and record information about living things through discussion, drawings, and charts

Inquiry Questions:

1. What do living things need to survive?

Relevance and Application:

1. Mittens and hats keep people warm when the weather is cold.

2. Gills on a fish allow them to “breathe” under water.

Nature of Science:

1. Be open to and curious about new tasks and challenges.

2. Explore and experiment.

Content Area: Science Standard: 2. Life Science Prepared Graduates:

· Analyze the relationship between structure and function in living systems at a variety of organizational levels, and recognize living systems’ dependence on natural selection

· Explain and illustrate with examples how living systems interact with the biotic and abiotic environment

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master: 1. Living things have characteristics and basic needs.

Evidence Outcomes

Steps for Getting There

Examples from Early Childhood Settings

Students can:

a. Use senses to gather information about living things

b. Observe and explore the natural processes of growing, changing, and adapting to the environment

c. Ask and pursue questions through simple investigations and observations of living things

d. Collect, describe, and record information about living things through discussion, drawings, and charts

· Life science concepts are integrated into children’s daily experiences (both planned and spontaneous) and into the ongoing activities of the classroom.

· Adults provide children with opportunities to explore, manipulate, investigate and discover.

· The classroom environment includes both plants and animals.

· Materials such as magnifying glasses, found natural items like pinecones and snakeskin, seeds and planters, etc., are available for children to use in child-directed, as well as teacher- directed, activities.

· Adults initially present concepts to children via concrete, hands-on materials, and provide concrete materials on an ongoing basis to reinforce concepts.

· Adults use multi-sensory activities to present information to children.

· Adults provide time for conversation asking children open-ended questions.

· Children share pictures of their pets. Each child takes a turn showing their pictures, describing their pets, and answering questions about them.

· In the spring, the children use a playground, a park, or a field for an Insect Hunt. They point out insects when they find them and identify or draw them to identify in books later. One child asks “How do the grasshoppers know when to jump out of the way?” That inquiry leads the adult to collect books on grasshoppers to read and discuss with the children.

· A special guest, a reptile specialist, brings in a python to show the children. She talks about snakes, and then lets volunteers touch the python. Later on, the teachers read stories about snakes and leave the books in the class library. Plastic snakes are added to blocks. Snakeskin is available to examine with magnifying glasses. More activities are added as children discover areas of interest to explore.

Content Area: Science

Standard: 2. Life Science

Prepared Graduates:

· Analyze the relationship between structure and function in living systems at a variety of organizational levels, and recognize living systems’ dependence on natural selection

· Explain and illustrate with examples how living systems interact with the biotic and abiotic environment

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master:

2. Living things develop in predictable patterns

Evidence Outcomes

21st Century Skills and Readiness Competencies

Students can:

a. Identify the common needs such as food, air, and water of familiar living things

b. Predict, explain, and infer patterns based on observations and representations of living things, their needs, and life cycles

c. Make and record by drawing, acting out, or describing observations of living things and how they change over time

Inquiry Questions:

1. How do different living things change over time?

2. What are some similarities and differences in how living things develop?

3. How do the adults of various animals compare to younger versions of those same animals?

Relevance and Application:

1. Butterflies have a predictable growth cycle.

2. Leaves on a tree change color and fall every year.

Nature of Science:

1. Show a capacity for invention and imagination when looking for patterns of development.

Content Area: Science Standard: 2. Life Science Prepared Graduates:

· Analyze the relationship between structure and function in living systems at a variety of organizational levels, and recognize living systems’ dependence on natural selection

· Explain and illustrate with examples how living systems interact with the biotic and abiotic environment

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master: 2. Living things develop in predictable patterns.

Evidence Outcomes

Steps for Getting There

Examples from Early Childhood Settings

Students can:

a. Identify the common needs such as food, air, and water of familiar living things

b. Predict, explain, and infer patterns based on observations and representations of living things, their needs, and life cycles

c. Make and record by drawing, acting out, or describing observations of living things and how they change over time

· Life science concepts are integrated into children’s daily experiences (both planned and spontaneous) and into the ongoing activities of the classroom.

· Adults provide children with opportunities to explore, manipulate, investigate and discover.

· Adults initially present concepts to children via concrete, hands-on materials, and provide concrete materials on an ongoing basis to reinforce concepts.

· Adults use multi-sensory activities to present information to children.

· Adults provide time for conversation and ask children open-ended questions.

· Materials such as seeds and planters, dramatic play items, and writing tools are available for children to use in child-directed, as well as teacher- directed, activities.

· In dramatic play, there are bottles and “baby food” to feed dolls. Children playing there make sure their babies are fed and taken care of.

· Mac says, “Eddie’s crying. He must be hungry. I’m hungry, too.”

· Children bring in pictures of themselves as babies to share. Adults display the pictures alongside current pictures of the children to allow for comparisons.

· Butterfly kits show the growth from caterpillars to butterflies. Children watch the caterpillars eat, observe the chrysalises and finally see the butterflies emerge. Each day brings questions, new observations, and excitement about the process.

· After reading Jack and the Bean Stalk, the children plant beans. They measure and record the growth of their plants in a classroom journal.

Content Area: Science

Standard: 3. Earth Systems Science

Prepared Graduates:

· Describe how humans are dependent on the diversity of resources provided by Earth and Sun

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master:

1. Earth’s materials have properties and characteristics that affect how we use those materials

Evidence Outcomes

21st Century Skills and Readiness Competencies

Students can:

a. Use senses to gather information about Earth’s materials

b. Make simple observations, explanations, and generalizations about Earth’s materials based on real- life experiences

c. Describe how various materials might be used based on characteristics or properties

Inquiry Questions:

1. What are the similarities and differences among various earth materials?

2. How do scientists study and describe Earth’s materials?

Relevance and Application:

1. Use scientific tools in investigations, and play with materials such as rocks, soil, sand, and water.

Nature of Science:

1. Ask testable question based on discoveries made while playing.

2. Collect, describe, and record information through discussions, drawings, and charts.

Content Area: Science

Standard: 3. Earth Systems Science

Prepared Graduates:

Describe how humans are dependent on the diversity of resources provided by Earth and Sun

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master: 1. Earth’s materials have properties and characteristics that affect how we use those materials

Evidence Outcomes

Steps for Getting There

Examples from Early Childhood Settings

Students can:

a. Use senses to gather information about Earth’s materials

b. Make simple observations, explanations, and generalizations about Earth’s materials based on real- life experiences

c. Describe how various materials might be used based on characteristics or properties

· Earth science concepts are integrated into children’s daily experiences (both planned and spontaneous) and into the ongoing activities of the classroom.

· Adults provide children with a wide variety of earth science materials including sand, dirt, water, mud, rocks, and scientific tools (scales, magnifiers, magnets) to explore, manipulate, investigate and discover.

· Adults initially present concepts to children via concrete, hands-on materials, and provide concrete materials on an ongoing basis to reinforce concepts.

· Adults use multi-sensory activities to present information to children.

· Adults provide time for conversation and ask children open-ended questions.

· Children are encouraged to add water to the sand in the sand box to change the texture and quality of the sand in play. When Shawnique adds a cup of water, she stirs it with a stick and says, “Now we have mud cake!”

· Different kinds of rocks – all shapes and sizes – are available to examine with magnifying glasses or sort into different categories.

· During water play at the sensory table, Devon uses eggbeaters to churn the water. Marie puts a toy boat near the “waves” and watches it rock. She says, “This is like the lake.”

· At the park, children discover a big puddle at the bottom of the slide preventing them from sliding down easily. One child says, “If we put the gravel in the puddle, the dirt will fill it up.” He leads a group of children in pushing and scooping gravel and dirt from around the puddle into it.

· Carter asks “Where is the water in the aquarium going?” The teacher assists him in marking the water level with a piece of tape. She asks him “What do you think

might be happening to the water?”

Content Area: Science

Standard: 3. Earth Systems Science

Prepared Graduates:

· Describe and interpret how Earth’s geologic history and place in space are relevant to our understanding of the processes that have shaped our planet

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master:

2. Events such as night, day, the movement of objects in the sky, weather, and seasons have patterns

Evidence Outcomes

21st Century Skills and Readiness Competencies

Students can:

a. Identify, predict, and extend patterns based on observations and representations of objects in the sky, daily weather, and seasonal changes

b. Observe and describe patterns observed over the course of a number of days and nights, possibly including differences in the activities or appearance of plants and animals

Inquiry Questions:

1. What natural patterns do you notice during the day?

2. What natural patterns do you notice at night?

3. What patterns do you notice in the seasons?

4. What patterns do you notice in weather?

Relevance and Application:

1. Different activities of various animals – including humans – are aligned with daily and seasonal patterns.

Nature of Science:

1. Be open to and curious about new tasks and challenges.

2. Explore and experiment.

Content Area: Science

Standard: 3. Earth Systems Science

Prepared Graduates:

Describe and interpret how Earth’s geologic history and place in space are relevant to our understanding of the processes that have shaped our planet

Grade Level Expectation: Preschool

Concepts and skills students master: 2. Events such as night, day, the movement of objects in the sky, weather, and seasons have patterns

Evidence Outcomes

Steps for Getting There

Examples from Early Childhood Settings

Students can:

a. Identify, predict, and extend patterns based on observations and representations of objects in the sky, daily weather, and seasonal changes

b. Observe and describe patterns observed over the course of a number of days and nights, possibly including differences in the activities or appearance of plants and animals

· Earth science concepts are integrated into children’s daily experiences (both planned and spontaneous) and into the ongoing activities of the classroom.

· Adults initially present concepts to children via concrete, hands-on materials, and provide concrete materials on an ongoing basis to reinforce concepts.

· Adults use multi-sensory activities to present information to children.

· Adults provide time for conversation and ask children open-ended questions.

· Books about day and night, seasonal changes, and objects in the sky are available and read to children.

· The weather person, a classroom job chosen by different children every day, observes and reports on the weather everyday by looking outside and then affixing a symbol (sun, snowflake, raindrops, etc) to a graph.

· Mr. John leads children in sorting pictures of items you see in the daytime (the sun, blue sky, flowers, butterflies, etc), and pictures of items you see at night (the moon, stars, streetlamps, moths, etc).

· After reading a book about the day and night, Miss Myra turns off the lights and asks a child to be the earth and another child to be the sun. “The sun” holds a flashlight, shining it on “the earth”. The other children watch as one side of “the earth” stays lit and the other side stays in the shadows.

· In the fall, children in Miss Lee’s family childcare home take a nature walk, observing the changes in leaves, seed pods, and flowers. In the spring, they take a nature walk in the same area and

look for leaf buds, new growth, and other signs of the change in seasons.